Gen Chem Study Guide

A. WORK-OUT PROBLEMS: Write formulas for the following: calcium nitratephosphorous pentafluoride aluminum carbonatestrontium hydroxide methanepotassium oxide lithium chloridebarium sulfate phosphate iondinitrogen tetroxide Give the complete electron configurations of: S, O2-, and Mn. For the following molecules/ions, give the Lewis structure, molecular geometry, and electron pair geometry: NO2-SF4 Write Lewis structures to represent all resonance forms of CO32-. 5. How many joules of heat energy are lost when a 100-gram sample of a metal (with a specific heat of 0. 312 J/(g?C) cools from 80. 0? C to 30. 0? C? Calculate the number of moles in: 4. 20 X 1024 molecules of SO2 240 grams of NaOH 5. 00 liters of H2 gas at 0? C and 1. 00 atm. 1. 7 liters of Ar gas at STP 7. How many grams of AlCl3 can be prepared from 50. 0 g of Al and 100. 0 g of Cl2 according to the equation: 2 Al + 3 Cl2 ? 2 AlCl3 ? How many neutrons are there in 131I? Which bond is the most polar? I-ClI-Br I-SI-I Circle the molecules that are polar (have a dipole moment): CCl4CH4H2ONH3HBrCHCl3 CCl2F2 How many unpaired electrons does the Si atom have?Write the correct Lewis structure for CS2. Write the formal charges on each atom in [F-S=F]2+ (lone pairs are not shown). How many ions are formed when Ca3(PO4)2 dissolves? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in 19F- ion? Discuss the properties of molecules used as liquid crystals. (ignore this question) What is the molarity of the solution made when 1. 25 grams of sodium chloride are dissolved in 500 mL of water? What is the hybridization of the carbon atom C2H2 ? What is the molecular formula of a compound with 30. 5% N and 69. 5% S, and it has a molar mass of 184 g/mol?How many electrons are found at the sublevel 1=2? How many sigma and how many pi bonds does carbon dioxide have? How many milliliters of 2. 5M solution are needed to prepare 500 mL of 0. 08M solution? How many milliliters of 1. 25M hydrochloric acid are needed to neutra lize 50. 0 millimeters of 0. 55M barium hydroxide? The vapor pressure of SiCl4 is 100 mmHg at 5. 4? C and the normal boiling point is 56. 8? C. What is ? Hvap for SiCl4 in kJ/mol? B. MULTIPLE CHOICE A 34. 6 g sample of calcium oxide is a. 0. 0346 molb. 0. 617 molc. 1. 23 mold. 34. 6 mol 2.When the following equation is balanced, the total number of nitrogen atoms on the reactant side is:BaCl2(aq) + AgNO3(aq) ? Ba(NO3)2(aq) + AgCl(s) a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 6 Given that 4 HNO3(aq)? 4NO2(aq) + 2 H2O(l) + O2(g), the amount of NO2 which could be produced from 3. 00 mol HNO3 is: a. 138 gb. 177 gc. 184 g d. 236 g Given that 3 CuCl2(aq) + 2 Al(s) ? 3 Cu(s) + 2 AlCl3(aq), the amount of Al required to produce 42. 4 g of Cu is: a. 12. 0 gb. 28. 3g c. 40. 5 gd. 42. 4 g The type of substance least likely to appear as a product in a net ionic equation is a soluble saltc. weak electrolyte an insoluble saltd. an insoluble gas When a solution of NiBr2 is mixed with a solution of (NH4)2CO3 the net ionic equa tion is: a. NiBr2(aq) + (NH4)2CO3(aq) ? NiCO3(s) + 2 NH4Br(aq) b. Ni2+ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) ? 2 NH4+ (aq) + CO32- (aq)? NiCO3(s) + 2 NH4+ (aq) + 2 Br- (aq) c. Ni2+ (aq) + CO32-(aq) ? NiCO3(s) d. Br-(aq) + NH4+ (aq) ? NH4Br(aq) When a sample of chlorine gas at 35? C doubles in volume, its pressure stays the samec. is half as great doubles d. increases fourfold A 385-mL sample of oxygen gas collected at 747 mm Hg and 27. 4?C would occupy what volume at STP? a. 344 mLb. 356 mLc. 416 mLd. 431 mL A 9. 74 g sample of CO2 will occupy 6. 37 L at 0. 829 atm only if the temperature is a. 17. 6? Cb. 6. 61? Cc. 564? C d. above 100? C A sample of N2 would obey the ideal gas law most closely at 0. 68 atm and –68? Cc. 680 atm and –68? C 0. 68 atm and 680? Cd. 680 atm and 680? C A 50. 0 g sample of an unknown substance absorbed 1. 64 kJ as its temperature changed from 36? C to 98? C. The specific heat of the unknown is: a. 0. 53 J/(g? C)b. 0. 76 kJ/(g? C)c. 1. 3 kJ/(g? C)d. 1. 9 kJ/(g?C) The formation reaction in this list is a. Sn(s) + 2Cl2(g) ? SnCl4(l)c. 2C2H5OH(l) + 7O2(g) ? 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) b. 2HNO2(l) + NO(g) ? 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) d. 2Cl2O(g)? 2Cl2(g) + O2(g) For CH4(g) + 4Cl2(g) ? CCl4(g) + 4HCl(g), ? H? =-402 kJ. How much HCl was formed when 201 kJ were given off? a. 18. 2 gb. 72. 9 gc. 146 gd. 292 g Use the thermochemical equations below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for NOCl(g) + Cl(g) ? NO(g) + Cl2(g) N2(g) + O2(g) + Cl2(g) ? 2NOCl(g)? H? =105. 2 kJ N2(g) + O2(g) ? 2NO(g)? H? =180. 7 kJ Cl2(g) ? 2Cl(g)?H? =243. 2 kJ a. 529. 1 kJb. 264. 6 kJc. -83. 85 kJd. –167. 7 kJ The energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to its a. speed in a vacuum c. frequency b. wavelength d. diffraction The volume in space where an electron with a particular energy is likely to be found is called a wave functionc. the spin quantum number a photond. an orbital The frequency of a microwave with a wavelength of 12. 2 cm is a. 8. 08 x 10-3 3 Hzc. 2. 46 x 107 Hz b. 3. 66 x 109 Hzd. 2. 46 x 109 Hz The number of orbitals in the 4p subshell is a. 1b. 3c. 5d. 18The energy difference between the two energy levels responsible for the 451 nm blue-violet line the emission of indium is a. 6. 65 x 105 Jc. 2. 27 x 1018 J b. 1. 50 x 105 Jd. 4. 40 x 10-19 J The maximum number of electrons contained in a 3d subshell is a. 2b. 6c. 10d. 18 The number of valence electrons shown in the Lewis formula for SF4 is a. 40b. 34c. 32d. 5 The formal charge on O in the compound H2O2 (in the order HOOH) is a. 0b. –2c. –1d. –3 The resonance structures for SO2 include each of these except a. O=S-Ob. O-S=Oc. O=S=Od. S-O=O The O-S-O bond angle in SO2 is closest to a. 0? b. 109. 5? c. 120? d. 180? Of the following substances, the least polar bonds are those found in a. H2b. H2Oc. H2Sd. CH4 Matter is said to be transparent to those wavelengths it a. absorbs b. diffractsc. cyclesd. transmits In formaldehyde (H2CO) the electron pairs are located about the central atom in which type of arrangement? a. pyramidal b. tetrahedralc. trigonal planard. bent The molecular geometry of SO3 is best described as a. linearb. trigonal planarc. tetrahedrald. bent The molecular geometry of CO32- is best described as a. linearb. trigonal planerc. tetrahedrald. bentOf the following, which has a molecular geometry that is not planar? a. CH4b. H2COc. C2H4d. SO3 When a solution of sodium chloride and a solution of lithium nitrate are mixed a precipitate forms a new salt is formed a gas is evolved no reaction occurs When solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulfate are mixed, the spectator ions in the resulting reaction are a. only Ba2+b. only SO42-c. Only Na+d. both Na+ and Cl- Which of the following ionic compounds is insoluble in water? a. NH4Clb. AgNO3c. KId. Na2S Given that Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) ? 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g), when 45. 3 g of CO reacts quantitatively with 79. g of Fe2O3, the amount of Fe formed is a. 45. 3 gb. 55. 8 gc. 60. 2 gd. 79. 8 g For the above reaction, when 45. 3 g of CO reacts quantitatively with 79. 8 g of Fe2O3, the amount of leftover reactant is a. 34. 5 gb. 24. 0 gc. 17. 8 gd. 3. 2 g 36. The oxidation numbers of P, S and Cl in H2PO2-, H2S and KClO4 are, respectively a) -1, -1, +3 b) +1, -2, +7 c) +1, +2, +7 d) -1, -2, +7 e) -1, -2, +3 37. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following redox reaction. Hg2+(aq) + Cu(s) > Cu2+(aq) + Hg(l) a) Hg2+(aq) b) Cu(s) c) Cu2+(aq) d) Hg(l) e) Hg2+(aq) and Cu2+(aq)

Healthcare Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Healthcare Policy - Essay Example changes in accordance to providing an effective healthcare policy, and how it helps in the dimension of population health is included into the main body. The last section includes concluding response to this problem. The method is particularized examination of the literature together with the critical summarizing and personal inferences on the topic. Healthcare policy is considered to be a number of complexes concerning social and political processes that are directed on providing medical care to the population of the country (Barr, 2011). All factors and forces that provide an influence on the implementation of medical treatment for people are included to the dimension of the term healthcare policy. That is an essential branch concerning social stability and health of population. The United States of America is regarded as a country with highly developed and rather effective system of healthcare policy (Niles, 2014). The majority of population in this country is able to use medical services in order to be successfully treated with the health insurance suggested by the governmental institutions rules (Niles, 2014). Healthcare policy and regulations in USA are functioned to construct rather effective and prosperous conditions in the dimension of medicine for American population. Moreover, the quality of treatment and medical care in USA stays in a high level. Preparation of medical specialists together with modern equipment represents the basis of medical care in this country (Barr, 2011). We may stay the idea about highly developed and completely improved system of health care in the USA. The matter is that medical services in USA are provided by special insurance and this is what covers the cost of treatment for the population (Niles, 2014). People who are able to pay for the reliable insurance are pretended to be treated immediately and with the highest quality. People with low social status or with low income they are deprived from an appropriate free

The Concept of Ethnocentrism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept of Ethnocentrism - Essay Example Several nations and their cultures have placed themselves at the top of an imagined hierarchy of cultures and nations and therefore they have assigned other cultures lower ranks than theirs. This has led to the incorporation of the belief that one nation, its culture is superior, and that it will always be ahead of the rest hence making people believe this form of deception naturally. This form of belief has resulted in a few nations becoming the center of admirations making all other nations to strive to emulate the nations at the center in order to move higher in the imaginary rank. For example, the United States of America has always thought of itself as more powerful, more economically positioned, and as generally better in all spheres than other nations. This has been evidenced by the country's dabbling in the matters of other nations without much regard to the right formality that should be followed. A good illustration of this dabbling in the country's current involvement in a ffairs of Middle East, which is mainly castigated by the perceived belief that it is a superpower. This has led to the country spending a lot on affairs of other countries, which are not necessarily in its control, rather than focusing on funding development in needy developing countries. Cultural ethnocentrism continues to prevail in the majority of the African communities where the communities believe that these cultures are better than the rest and they in, particular, tend to be unreceptive to the western culture. They normally feel that their cultural order is threatened by the arrival of new groups and they thus strive to resist what they term as invaders in their communities. This evidenced by the disagreements in cultural markers of identity such as clothing and other visible elements which the people try by all means possible to uphold them despite the foreign influence.

Sam 386 unit 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sam 386 unit 8 - Assignment Example A contract must include the names of both or more parties involved. The parties when dealing with businesses must include the type of entity and state of establishment. The scope of the work describes in detail the things that must be done to comply with the terms of the contract. It also includes a specific list of deliverables for the project and a process for expanding the scope of work, should the client want you to provide additional services (Artofbusiness, 2014). The precise terms of the contract and the timeline for delivery of the contract are important elements. The project manager must provide progress reports to upper management about the completion status of the project. The payment details is probably the most important element of a service contract. The contract must clearly states who owns any patents, copyright, or trademarks that are product during the course of business of the

PPD3 Portfolio part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PPD3 Portfolio part 2 - Essay Example Externally, the company attends job fairs, creates advertising literature in multi-media formats, and also sends recruiters to colleges and universities across the country and abroad to identify the most appropriate talent for its many diverse consulting and specialized service divisions. Much like other organisations, ARUP has considerable hiring criteria that must be met in order to be considered a valid employee candidate. These include having technical education skills, management experience and education, strong dedication to communication and customer service skills along with technological education and know-how on a variety of software platforms. It seems the goal of ARUP is to test individuals in their second interview, depending on their potential role within the organisation, using software testing objectives and scenario planning to identify how the individual would respond to various management situations and/or crises. Some of these criteria were identified during the r ather long interview process. One specific labour-related criteria that was identified as being necessary for landing a career with ARUP is the ability to function within a decentralised organisation. ARUP attempts to involve all of its employees in decision-making rather than having knowledge and decision trickle from the top tiers of senior management. Each employee is given a great deal of autonomy in their job role functions and provided the necessary training to become more interactive in the daily operations of the business as innovators and decision-makers. Thus, the main focus of ARUP seemed to be making sure that the candidate had the ability to function well within this type of hierarchy and remain dedicated to securing long-term customer service focus and team methodology. â€Å"Leaders aspiring to be effective in multicultural environments must develop an awareness of the different dimensions of culture that are and will be most central to their different constituencies of customers or followers† (Shriberg & Kumari, 2008, p.20). ARUP operates in a global, multi-cultural environment consisting of employees from different cultural backgrounds and ethnic backgrounds, therefore diversity remains a top focus for the organisation and its leadership. Further research identified that this is becoming a paramount skill to maintain in the global marketplace related to knowledge of different cultures and how they tend to interact with one another in a diverse business environment. In fact, research identified what is referred to as Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Framework which shows the different cultural preferences and attitudes associated with certain employees. For example, individualistic cultures have more of a drive for empowerment and autonomy in job roles and demand rewards for their accomplishments at the individual level. Collectivists, under this model, which is common in Asian and Middle Eastern countries, have more affiliation for group work and tend to consider themselves part of a larger family and thus demand rewards and acknowledgement based on group involvement and participation (Blodgett, Bakir & Rose, 2008). It is important at ARUP to maintain these skills and would likely be an important job-related skill to have that is backed with cultural education and experience working within diverse work groups in many different

To what extent can personality traits predict a persons leadership Essay

To what extent can personality traits predict a persons leadership abilities - Essay Example To begin with, it is important to explain why Hitler was a bad leader. He certainly was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. That in itself is bad. But we know above all that Hitler was a bad leader because he left his country in ruins. He, more than anyone else—including the allies—was the reason that Germany was a divided, destroyed country in 1945. His erratic, haughty, and morbid personality could have predicted that terrible result (Robertson 1963). To begin with, history is important to putting Hitler's personality into perspective. World War One was a disaster for Germany. Many say that the war began as a result of German aggression ended with a German defeat. The winners of the war, Britain and France, were not in a mood to forgive after the terrible destruction of previous four years. They wanted maximum reparations from the German people for their losses during the war. That is why they chose to impose the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty was dest ructive for the German economy. Into this mess came Hitler, promising a revival. He promised a new Germany that would last a thousands years and would be a guiding light to the world. What type of man was he? Hitler was a failed painter. He came from a background that was not very good. He behaved erratically and had trouble making good relationships with people. He had grandiose ideas about himself, but throughout his life until that point had been a failure in everything he did. These were not the personality traits one looks for in a leader. Usually, people seek leaders from good background, who have confidence and credentials. Hitler managed to appeal to people because he blamed other people for Germany's suffering. He told Germans that they were not responsible for the tragedy that had befallen them. He told them to look elsewhere. He said he would lead them out of the wilderness (Robertson 1963). This was all very appealing. He was able to take over by force based on this argu ments. Rather than revolt against him, Germans accepted him as their leader. But what his personality and his qualities gave to the German people was more death and more destruction. Because of his erratic personality and poor qualities, he made multiple mistakes in starting and prosecution the Second World War. His actions led to a new and this time total defeat for the German nation. He was the worst kind of leader and many of his personality qualities would have predicted this. Among the most serious mistakes Hitler made based on his personality was attacking the Soviet Union in 1941. The truth is that one of his main personality qualities was paranoia: this is not a good quality to have in a leader. He suspected everyone around him at all times, including the leaders of other countries with which he made deals, such as Stalin. Since the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, Hitler had been on a roll, winning success after success. He had successfully taken over Czechoslovak ia and Austria, and he had done what seemed impossible: the invasion of Poland and France. His western front could be threatened only by Britain, which was in no position to do so. His major concern was with the Eastern front. That was not a problem because he had made peace with Stalin in what was called the Ribbentrop-Molotov compact. This had divided Poland. The truth was that Stalin didn't care what Hitler did to Europe. Stalin didn't care if Hitler took the whole continent so long as there was peace between the two

Advertisement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Advertisement Analysis - Essay Example Various advertisement strategies appeal differently to the consumer. It is important to choose an advertisement strategy that will go in line with the product being advertised. A good example of an advertisement strategy is the one that make use of the Rhetorical Triangle to best appeal to the consumers. The three components of Rhetorical Triangle that are out into consideration in regards to appeals made by the advertiser  include Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. In order to appeal to a large pool of clientele, the message intended for advertisement has to meet specific specifications. The message has to originate from the sender pass through suitable channel to the intended audiences. When considering advertising, it is essential to take into consideration the product being advertised. This is because a different products appeal to the consumer’s in diverse ways. The reason behind applying strategies that will result to bringing more clients is for the enterprise to attain big ma rket share coupled with evading stiff competition. This is especially from the same players whereby due to employee retention predicament may lead moving of employees to the already established corporation. The application of Rhetorical Triangle is significant because it enhance advertisement appeal to the intended consumer. Hausman, Daniel M., and Brynn Welch. ""Debate: To Nudge or Not to Nudge*."Debate: To Nudge or Not to Nudge. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.